Books

• Valuing Health Care: Improving Productivity and Quality (April 2012) (as part of the Kauffman Task Force on Cost Effective Health Care Innovation)
• Intellectual Property and Biotechnology (editor) (Edward Elgar, 2011)
• Law and the Mental Health System: Civil and Criminal Aspects (4th ed. 2004, 5th ed. 2009) (with Christopher Slobogin & Ralph Reisner)

Articles and Essays

• Use Patents, Carve-Outs, and Incentives--A Battle in the Drug-Patent Wars, 367 New England Journal of Medicine 491-493 (2012)
• Accountability in Patenting of Federally Funded Research, 30 Nature Biotechnology 953-956 (2012) (with Bhaven N. Sampat)
• Patent Validity Across the Executive Branch: Ex Ante Foundations for Policy Development, 61 Duke Law Journal 1237-1281 (2012)
• Who's Afraid of the Federal Circuit?, 121 The Yale Law Journal Online 335-345 (2011)
• Proprietary Science, Open Science and the Role of Patent Disclosure: The Case of Zinc-finger Proteins, 27 Nature Biotechnology 140-144 (February 2009) (with Subhashini Chandrasekharan, Sapna Kumar & Cory M. Valley)
• Unstandard Standardization: The Case of Biology, 53 Communications of the ACM 37-39 (January 2010)
• Critical Commentary on 'Open Source' in the Life Sciences, in Gene Patents and Collaborative Licensing Models: Patent Pools, Clearinghouses, Open Source Models and Liability Regimes 213-218 (Geertrui Van Overwalle ed., 2009)
• Growing Pains in the Administrative State: The Patent Office's Troubled Quest For Managerial Control, 157 University of Pennsylvania Law Review 2051-2081 (2009)
• Structuring U.S. Innovation Policy: Creating a White House Office of Innovation Policy, Report to the Information Technology & Innovation Foundation (June 2009) (with Stuart Minor Benjamin)
• University Software Ownership and Litigation: A First Examination, 87 North Carolina Law Review 1519-1570 (2009) (with John R. Allison, Bhaven Sampat, & Colin Crossman; republished and revised in, Perspectives on Commercializing Innovation 395 (Scott Kieff & Troy A. Paredes eds., 2012)
• Building a Better Patent System: Combining Facially Neutral Patent Standards With Regulation of End Product Therapeutics, 45 Houston Law Review 1037-1057 (2008)
• Fixing Innovation: A Structural Perspective, 77 George Washington Law Review 1-88 (2008) (with Stuart M. Benjamin)
• Intellectual Property and Alternatives: Strategies for Green Innovation (Chatham House Energy, Environment and Development Programme Paper No. 08/03, December, 2008) (with Richard Newell, Jerome Reichman, & Jonathan B. Wiener)
• Is Bayh-Dole Good for Developing Countries? Lessons from the US Experience, 6 PLoS Biology 2078-2084 (October 2008) (with others)
• Pathways Across the Valley of Death: Novel Intellectual Property Strategies for Accelerated Drug Discovery, 8 Yale Journal of Health Law, Policy & Ethics 53-89 (2008) (with Jerome H. Reichman, Paul F. Uhlir, & Colin Crossman) reprinted in, Gene Patents and Collaborative Licensing Models: Patent Pools, Clearinghouses, Open Source Models and Liability Regimes 247-287 (Geertrui Van Overwalle ed., 2009)
• Knowledge Commons: The Case of the Biopharmaceutical Industry, 12 First Monday (June 4, 2007)
• Synthetic Biology: Caught Between Property Rights, the Public Domain, and the Commons, 5 PLoS Biology e58 (March 2007) (with James Boyle)
• Synthetic Biology: The Intellectual Property Puzzle, 85 Texas Law Review 1745-1768 (2007) (with Sapna Kumar)
• The Ends of Intellectual Property: Health as a Case Study, 70 Law & Contemporary Problems 125-130 (Spring 2007)
• Who's Afraid of the APA? What the Patent System Can Learn from Administrative Law, 95 Georgetown Law Journal 269-336 (2007) (with Stuart M. Benjamin)
• Harnessing and Sharing the Benefits of State Sponsored Research, 21 Berkeley Technology Law Journal 1187-1213 (2006) (with Rebecca S. Eisenberg)
• Open and Collaborative Research: A New Model for Biomedicine, in Intellectual Property Rights in Frontier Industries 131-158 (Robert W. Hahn ed., AEI-Brookings Press 2005).
• Proprietary Rights and Collective Action: The Case of Biotechnology Research With Low Commercial Value, in International Public Goods and Technology Transfer in a Globalized Intellectual Property Regime 288-306 (Keith E. Maskus & Jerome H. Reichman eds., 2005)
• Allocating Power over Fact-Finding in the Patent System, in Symposium Issue on Ideas Into Action: Implementing Reform of the Patent System 19 Berkeley Technology Law Journal 907-922 (2004).
• Finding Cures for Tropical Diseases: Is Open Source an Answer?, 1 PLoS Medicine 180-183 (Dec 2004).
• Patenting Organisms and Basic Research, and Private Ownership of Inventions, entries in 4 Encyclopedia of Bioethics 1980-1983, 2130-2132 (3rd ed., 2004).
• Proprietary Considerations, in 2 Handbook of Stem Cells: Embryonic Stem Cells 793-798 (Robert p. Lanza, ed., Elsevier Academic 2004)
• The Increasingly Proprietary Nature of Publicly Funded Biomedical Research: Benefits and Threats, in Buying in or Selling Out?: The Commercialization of the American University 117-126 (Donald G. Stein ed., 2004).
• Bayh-Dole Reform and the Progress of Biomedicine, 66 Law & Contemporary Problems 289-315 (Winter/Spring 2003) (with Rebecca Eisenberg).
• Engaging Facts and Policy: A Multi-Institutional Approach to Patent System Reform, 103 Columbia Law Review 1035-1135 (2003).
• Genetic Interventions: (Yet) Another Challenge to Allocating Health Care, 39 San Diego Law Review 657-67 (2002).
• Genome Patents: A Case Study in Patenting Research Tools, 77 Academic Medicine 1368-72 (December 2002).
• Locating Gene Patents Within the Patent System, 2 American Journal of Bioethics 18 (Summer 2002).
• Pharmacogenetic Interventions, Orphan Groups, and Distributive Justice: The Role of Cost-Benefit Analysis, 19(2) Social Philosophy & Policy 246 (2002).
• Specialized Trial Courts: Concentrating Expertise on Fact, 17 Berkeley Technology Law Journal 887-98 (2002).
• Evolving Scientific Norms and Intellectual Property Rights: A Reply to Professor Kieff, 95 Northwestern University Law Review 707-13 (2001).
• Fostering Cumulative Innovation in the Biopharmaceutical Industry: The Role of Patents and Antitrust, 16 Berkeley Technology Law Journal 813 (2001).
• Health Care Fraud and Abuse: A Tale of Behavior Induced by Payment Structure, 30 Journal of Legal Studies 579-87 (2001).
• The Information Revolution Reaches Pharmaceuticals: Balancing Innovation Incentives, Cost, and Access in the Post-Genomics Era, 2001 University of Illinois Law Review 173-210.
• Addressing the Patent Gold Rush: The Role of Deference to PTO Patent Denials, 2 Washington University Journal of Law & Policy 199-227 (2000).
• Intellectual Property Rights in Biotechnology: Addressing New Technology, 34 Wake Forest Law Review 827-47 (1999).
• Reflective Choice in Health Care: Using Information Technology to Present Allocation Options, 25 American Journal of Law & Medicine 387(Summer/Fall 1999).
• Regulating Scientific Research: Intellectual Property Rights and the Norms of Science, 94 Northwestern University Law Review 77-152 (1999).
• The Physician as a Health Care Proxy, 29 Hastings Center Report 14 (September/October 1999) (with Drs. Mark Siegler and John Lantos).
• Rationing Through Choice: A New Approach to Cost-Effectiveness Analysis in Health Care, 72 Indiana Law Journal 1015-97 (1997).
• Cost-Effectiveness and Cost-Benefit Analyses in the Medical Literature, 116(3) Annals of Internal Medicine 338 (1992) (co-authored).

Newspaper Articles and Commentary

• Patentable Subject Matter at the Supreme Court: An Exceptional Case?SCOTUSblog (Feb. 4, 2013, 12:22 PM)